| 单词 | 上交 |
| 释义 | 〔zamindar〕A landholder in British colonial India responsible for collecting and paying to the government the taxes on the land under his jurisdiction.印度地主：在英国殖民统治下的印度地主，他们负责向政府征收和上交其管辖地区的土地税〔turn〕turned in the final exam.上交期末考试试卷〔dishonest〕submitted a mendacious insurance claim.上交了一份伪造的保险书。〔taille〕A form of direct royal taxation that was levied in France before 1789 on nonprivileged subjects and lands and tended to weigh most heavily on the peasants.租税：法国在1789年以前向没有特权的臣民和土地征收的直接上交皇室的一种税种，该税收形式的负担主要落在了农民身上〔exchange〕To turn in for replacement:退还：为拿到替换物而上交：〔smog〕Smog is so much a part of modern, industrialized lifethat it is difficult to realize that at one time neither smog nor the word for it existed.The word, of course, followed the phenomenon perhaps by half a century,for air pollution was noticed during the Industrial Revolution.The wordsmog is first recorded in 1905 in a newspaper report of a meeting of the Public Health Congress. Dr. H.A. des V÷ux gave a paper entitled "Fog and Smoke,” in which,in the words of theDaily Graphic of July 26, "he said it required no science to see that there was something produced in great cities which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as ‘smog.’”The next day theGlobe remarked that "Dr. des V÷ux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog.”Since Dr. des V÷ux's creation of this blend, much more has been learned about the composition of smog;unfortunately, it is still with us.烟雾污染已成为现代工业生活中如此大的一部分，以至有一段时间人们难以认识烟雾污染以及表达其存在的烟雾污染这个词。不言而喻，这个词是在这种现象产生半个世纪以后才出现的，因为空气污染是在工业革命期间才被发现。Smog 这个词的第一次使用记录出现在1905年关于公共健康委员会一次会议的新闻报导中， H·A·德佛博士当时上交了一份题为《雾和烟》的论文，按照7月26日每日画报 的说法， 在这篇论文中，“他认为不必借助科学，人们就会发现一种只存在于大城市而乡村没有的东西，那就是含烟的雾，或者叫做烟雾”。第二天的环球报 评论说： "H·A·德佛博士关于伦敦大雾所创造的新词是对公众的一个贡献”。自从H·A·德佛博士用混合的方法创造这个词开始，人们对烟雾的结构做了仔细的研究；但不幸的是，它至今还存在着〔presentment〕The act of submitting or presenting a formal statement of a legal matter to a court or an authorized person.递交：对法庭或被授权的人上交或呈送有关法律事项的正式文书的行为 |
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